[ad_1]
Extremely large volcanic eruptions called “flood basalt eruptions” might significantly warm Earth`s climate and devastate the ozone layer that shields life from the Sun`s ultraviolet radiation, suggests a new NASA climate simulation.
The simulation contradicts previous studies indicating these volcanoes cool the climate. It also suggests that while extensive flood-basalt eruptions on Mars and Venus may have helped warm their climates, they could have doomed the long-term habitability of these worlds by contributing to water loss.
“We expected intense cooling in our simulations,” said Scott Guzewich of NASA`s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
“However, we found that a brief cooling period was overwhelmed by a warming effect.”
The research was published in Geophysical Research Letters.
While the ozone loss was not a surprise, the simulations indicated the potential magnitude of the destruction, “about two-thirds reduction over global average values, roughly equivalent to the whole planet having an ozone thinning comparable to a severe Antarctic ozone hole”, said Guzewich.
Flood basalts are regions with a series of eruptive episodes lasting perhaps centuries each, and occurring over periods of hundreds of thousands of years, sometimes even longer.
Some happened at about the same time as mass-extinction events, and many are associated with extremely warm periods in Earth`s history. They also appear to have been common on other terrestrial worlds in our solar system, such as Mars and Venus.
The team used the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model to simulate a four-year-long phase of the Columbia River Basalt (CRB) eruption that occurred between 15 million and 17 million years ago in the Pacific Northwest of the US.
CRB eruptions were likely a mix of explosive events that sent material high into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (about 13 to 17 km altitude) and effusive eruptions that did not extend above about 3 km altitude.
The simulation assumed that explosive events happened four times per year and released about 80 per cent of the eruption`s sulphur dioxide gas.
The team found that globally, there was net cooling for about two years before the warming overwhelms the cooling effect.
“The warming persists for about 15 years (the last two years of the eruption and then another 13 years or so),” said Guzewich.
The predicted surge of water vapour into the stratosphere also helps explain the severity of the ozone layer depletion.
“Ozone layer depletion happens in a couple different ways,” said Guzewich.
“Following the eruption, the circulation of the stratosphere changes in ways that discourage ozone formation. Second, all that water in the stratosphere also helps destroy ozone with the hydroxyl (OH) radical.”
This story has been sourced from a third party syndicated feed, agencies. Mid-day accepts no responsibility or liability for its dependability, trustworthiness, reliability and data of the text. Mid-day management/mid-day.com reserves the sole right to alter, delete or remove (without notice) the content in its absolute discretion for any reason whatsoever.
[ad_2]
Source link
A week before I was due I was geting cramping everyday viagra cause priapism
What about estrogen specific lines of breast cancer cheapest cialis generic online
buy propecia Star Wars Episode VII
cialis 20mg price It can present more commonly as a primary tumor in the gland known as Conn syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia
Note that individual weights for each cross in B E were normalized to the mean weight of cTnt Cre controls B, D, or Sox17 2A iCre controls C, E; black bars indicate normalized mean weight for each genotype beyer levitra 20mg Patients with aortic coarctation may have blood pressure that is significantly higher in their upper body than their lower body
allergy pills for adults piriton allergy tablets canada strongest prescription allergy medication
buy deltasone 10mg without prescription prednisone 40mg tablet
abbreviation for acid blockers buy quinapril pill
adult female acne buy omnicef tablets acne medication pills that work
best medications for heartburn buy avapro 300mg pill
buy accutane 40mg pill order generic accutane 40mg accutane 20mg tablet
telehealth consultation for cpap machine buy sleeping meds online
buy amoxicillin sale buy amoxil 500mg generic cost amoxicillin
azithromycin canada cost azithromycin 250mg order zithromax pill
order gabapentin 800mg online buy gabapentin 600mg
buy generic azipro 500mg buy azipro 500mg sale where to buy azithromycin without a prescription
order lasix 40mg generic furosemide 100mg over the counter
purchase omnacortil online prednisolone 10mg for sale omnacortil 10mg usa
prednisone 10mg without prescription buy deltasone 40mg pill
amoxil drug buy amoxicillin 500mg sale buy amoxil 250mg pill
order acticlate online cheap vibra-tabs cost
albuterol pills ventolin inhalator over the counter buy generic ventolin online
augmentin pills augmentin 625mg cost
synthroid order online levothyroxine medication order levothroid
oral levitra 10mg buy levitra 20mg without prescription
clomid 100mg pills buy clomiphene 100mg generic buy clomiphene tablets
tizanidine 2mg canada zanaflex pill tizanidine drug
semaglutide 14mg cheap cheap semaglutide 14 mg rybelsus 14 mg cost
prednisone 20mg us buy prednisone paypal deltasone 40mg over the counter
buy rybelsus 14mg online cheap purchase rybelsus pill rybelsus 14 mg us
accutane 10mg brand isotretinoin 40mg price purchase absorica
buy allergy pills order albuterol generic albuterol 4mg for sale
buy amoxicillin pill order amoxil pill buy amoxil 1000mg pill
purchase amoxiclav generic buy augmentin 375mg pills buy clavulanate
azithromycin online order azithromycin 500mg drug cheap azithromycin 250mg
clomid 100mg brand buy clomid 50mg without prescription buy clomiphene 100mg generic
neurontin 800mg generic order gabapentin 800mg sale neurontin 600mg generic
lasix 40mg without prescription buy generic lasix 40mg buy generic furosemide
viagra for women cheap viagra viagra 50mg usa
cost acticlate buy doxycycline no prescription acticlate without prescription
buy generic rybelsus 14mg order semaglutide for sale buy semaglutide without prescription
cheap vardenafil 20mg levitra 10mg for sale order levitra 20mg for sale
order pregabalin 75mg without prescription purchase lyrica pills buy pregabalin 150mg generic
cheap plaquenil 400mg hydroxychloroquine cheap plaquenil 400mg cost
aristocort for sale online aristocort 4mg oral triamcinolone ca
order cialis 20mg pills cheap cialis sale cialis 10mg for sale
buy clarinex pill buy clarinex tablets order clarinex 5mg for sale
buy cenforce medication order cenforce generic buy cenforce 50mg online cheap
buy aralen for sale how to get aralen without a prescription buy chloroquine no prescription
priligy 30mg without prescription order cytotec 200mcg pills purchase cytotec generic
buy generic glucophage over the counter buy generic glucophage for sale glucophage 1000mg sale
glycomet 500mg price metformin 500mg tablet glucophage 500mg us
order lipitor pills lipitor 80mg cost brand atorvastatin 20mg
buy norvasc 10mg online cheap buy amlodipine no prescription amlodipine 5mg tablet
zestril 5mg us buy generic lisinopril 2.5mg lisinopril order
rosuvastatin 10mg pills buy ezetimibe sale buy zetia 10mg
domperidone medication buy sumycin pill tetracycline 500mg us
cost prilosec 10mg order prilosec online cheap buy omeprazole 10mg generic
buy flexeril without a prescription brand cyclobenzaprine order generic baclofen
metoprolol pill order metoprolol 100mg generic metoprolol 50mg generic
buy toradol without a prescription colchicine 0.5mg over the counter colchicine ca
order tenormin 100mg online tenormin 50mg ca where to buy atenolol without a prescription
buy medrol 8mg online methylprednisolone online pharmacy can i buy medrol online
propranolol where to buy buy plavix online plavix without prescription
do my research paper paper writer pay essay writing
how to get methotrexate without a prescription order coumadin 5mg without prescription warfarin canada
where to buy meloxicam without a prescription purchase celebrex pill order celebrex 200mg for sale
buy reglan pill metoclopramide generic cozaar medication
tamsulosin 0.4mg without prescription tamsulosin 0.2mg cost celebrex 100mg ca
order nexium 20mg for sale buy nexium online topamax oral
ondansetron cost purchase aldactone online cheap aldactone buy online
imitrex online buy purchase levaquin for sale order levofloxacin 250mg
order zocor 20mg online buy simvastatin sale purchase valacyclovir sale
buy ampicillin without a prescription penicillin order online buy amoxicillin for sale
purchase finpecia online cost fluconazole 200mg purchase fluconazole pills
buy cipro 500mg generic – augmentin pills amoxiclav pills
order ciplox 500mg generic – buy tinidazole 300mg without prescription erythromycin 250mg pills
flagyl 200mg us – oral cleocin order generic azithromycin 500mg
stromectol 12 mg – ciplox pills tetracycline 250mg canada
generic valacyclovir 1000mg – diltiazem 180mg cost buy zovirax pill
buy ampicillin generic buy acillin cheap buy generic amoxil over the counter
flagyl drug – cefaclor 500mg cheap zithromax order online
lasix 40mg cheap – buy lasix pill diuretic order capoten 25 mg generic
glucophage without prescription – order ciprofloxacin pill generic lincocin 500 mg
buy retrovir without prescription – roxithromycin usa order zyloprim 100mg for sale
purchase clozapine generic – order aceon 4mg generic pepcid 20mg pill