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The Centre on Thursday announced to reduce the disturbed areas under the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) in Nagaland, Assam, and Manipur after decades. Meanwhile on Friday, the central government in a notification issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) extended the controversial law in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh – Tirap, Changland, and Longding, and areas under Namsai and Mahadevpur police stations bordering Assam.
Here are 5 things to know about the highly-controversial law:
1. The Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) was originally passed by the British rulers in 1942 in response to the Quit India Movement. However, after India gained independence in 1947, the act was retained by Jawaharlal Nehru. AFSPA was notified as an act in 1958.
Also read: ‘This is real sign of democracy’: Irom Sharmila on Centre’s Afspa changes
2. The law extends special military powers to the army, state, and the central police and security forces to conduct operations and arrest anyone without a warrant. It also gives immunity to them from arrest and prosecution, even if they shoot someone dead. According to the law, after an area is declared ‘disturbed’, the Centre or the governor of the state can impose exceptional powers for the armed forces. As per the Human Rights Watch, AFSPA provides “wide powers to shoot, kill, arrest on a flimsy pretext, conduct warrantless searches, demolish structures.”
3. During the insurgency years, AFSPA was implemented in the North-eastern states, Jammu and Kashmir, and Punjab. However, the law was repealed in Punjab, followed by Tripura and Meghalaya.
4. AFSPA has been majorly criticized for its ‘draconian’ provisions by politicians, civil society groups in the northeast. Several protests have also rocked the northeast for years demanding the complete withdrawal of the act.
5. Manipur activist Irom Chanu Sharmila has been the face of the protests against AFSPA. She was on a hunger strike from November 2000 to August 2016 to mark a protest against the act, before forming the Peoples’ Resurgence and Justice Alliance ahead of the 2017 Manipur assembly elections.
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